Контрольная «7 заданий»,
Английский язык в Брянске

Вариант 2 I. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательного и наречия. 1. Rational use of natural resources is the most vital problem of the country’s national economy. 2. The heavier the equipment, the more difficult is to install it. 3. The old device was more valuable for our research than the new one. II. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений. 1. Nobody knows anything about this problem. 2. Will you carry out any experiment in our research laboratory this year? 3. We invited some skilful engineers for the construction of te new industrial object. III. Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите, обращая особое внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций. 1. Many scientists from different countries entered the new field of research. 2. Automation is being increasingly used in all branches of national economy. 3. It is not surprising that every great discovery is much spoken about. 4. High speed electronic machines have introduced great changes in making mathematical calculations. IV. Запишите предложения и подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите. 1. Our laboratory has to investigate a series of accidents that have taken place in the locality within the last three months. 2. Every future engineer should know such subjects as physics and mathematics. 3. Pressures in our experimental work will not be allowed to exceed 5,500 psi (pounds per square inch). 4. For a long time researchers were unable to resolve this scientific problem. V. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слова it. 1. Automation is the use of machines to optimize productivity; it can be useful for many industrial applications. 2. It is obvious that we have to do all possible to reduce atmospheric pollution. 3. It was the Industrial Revolution which promoted the development of engineering. VI. Запишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на бессоюзные дополнительные и определительные придаточные предложения. 1. The properties of materials the designers use for these technologies do not react to temperature changes. 2. We know some industrial areas are considered dangerous for living in them. VII. Письменно переведите текст. Nuclear Power Plants There are two main differences between a nuclear power plant and a fossil-fuel power plant: the first one uses nuclear fuel (uranium) instead of fossil fuel and it has a nuclear reactor instead of a boiler. In fact, it can have one or more nuclear reactors. The fuel is placed in the reactor vessel filled with fluid. The fuel heats the fluid and the super-hot fluid goes to the steam generator. A steam generator is a heat exchanger used to convert water into steam from heat produced in the nuclear reactor. It can be 70 feet in height and weigh 800 tons. A steam generator includes a series of heat exchangers comprising tubes. The fluid heated in the reactor to the temperature of 250-300°C is delivered into the heat exchanger tubes. It is pumped under high pressure (up to 150 atmospheres), to prevent it from boiling. The fluid is highly radioactive, so it should never come into contact with the water which changes to steam. The water flows over the heat exchanger tubes where it heats and then evaporates. The steam produced activates the steam turbine, the turbine in its turn drives the generator producing electricity. The nuclear reactor is cooled by water circulating through a system of tubes. A nuclear plant has a steam condenser in which the steam is condensed via cooled water and returned to the steam generator where it is heated once again. This is the most common way to extract usable energy from a controlled nuclear reaction. Nuclear power plants have their advantages as well as disadvantages. The reactors and steam generators operate in them noiselessly; the atmosphere is not polluted by dust and smoke. As to the fuel consumption, it is of no special importance and there is no problem of fuel transportation. The disadvantage of power plants utilizing nuclear fuel is their radiation. They are considered problematic for their safety and health risks. Radioactivity produced in the reactors is dangerous for the attending personnel. That is why, the reactors and steam generators are installed underground. They are also shielded by thick (up to 1.5 m) concrete walls. All their controls are operated by means of automatic devices. These measures serve to protect people from radioactive radiation.